Macromolecular biomolecules are currently dethroning classical small molecule
therapeutics because of their improved targeting and delivery properties. Protamine-a small …

Vaccination is the most valuable and cost-effective health measure to prevent and control
the spread of infectious diseases. A significant number of infectious diseases and chronic …

Over the last decades, nanotechnology applied in medicine (nanomedicine) has sparked
great interest from the scientific community, thanks to the possibility to engineer …

Maximizing the therapeutic capacity of drugs by allowing them to escape lysosomal
degradation is a long-term challenge for nanodrug delivery. Japanese encephalitis virus …

Traditional dendritic cell (DC)‐mediated immunotherapy is usually suppressed by weak
immunogenicity in tumors and generally leads to unsatisfactory outcomes. Synergistic …

Infectious diseases have always been regarded as one of the greatest global threats for the
last century. The current ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is living …

A biocompatible, biodegradable and FDA-approved polymer [Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid
(PLGA)] was used to prepare the nanoparticles (NPs) to observe the effect of solvents …

Mucosal administration especially via the nasal route is a novel and promising technique for
medication and vaccine delivery. Mucosal pathways provide notable benefits that promote …

Inactivated H9N2 influenza vaccines required adjuvants to induce strong immune responses
to protect poultry from the infections of H9N2 influenza viruses. Recently, positively charged …

As vaccine formulations have progressed from including live or attenuated strains of
pathogenic components for enhanced safety, developing new adjuvants to more effectively …