Although prenatal alcohol exposure causes craniofacial anomalies, growth retardation,
neurological abnormalities, cognitive impairment, and birth defects, fetal alcohol spectrum …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) with a well-documented
role in the innate and adaptive immune responses. Interestingly, TLR activation has also …

Background The end-organ effects of alcohol span throughout the entire body, from the
gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system (CNS). In the intestine, alcohol use …

Converging evidence from clinical and preclinical studies suggests that fetal vulnerability to
adverse prenatal exposures increases the risk for neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism …

Alcohol use disorders are associated with altered stress responses, but the impact of stress
or stress hormones on alcohol-associated tissue injury remain unknown. We evaluated the …

Neurodegeneration represents a global problem due to the progressive increase in the
aging population all over the world. The quality of life in aging and the cost for the health …

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can result in neurobehavioral anomalies, that may be
exacerbated by co-occurring metabolic and immune system deficits. To test the hypothesis …

Ethanol exposure to the fetus during pregnancy can result in fetal alcohol spectrum
disorders (FASD). These disorders vary in severity, can affect multiple organ systems, and …

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a group of conditions associated with the
effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and characterized by somatic and neuropsychological …

Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the umbrella term used to describe the physical
and mental disabilities induced by alcohol exposure during development. Early alcohol …