Background: Intrathecal immunoglobulin-G synthesis is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis
(MS), which can be detected by oligoclonal IgG bands (OCB) or by κ-free light chains (κ …

The autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) represent individual
heterogeneity with different disease entities. Although clinical and imaging features make it …

Intrathecal production of kappa free light chains occurs in multiple sclerosis and can be
measured using the kappa free light chain index. Kappa free light chain index values can be …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is of utmost importance for diagnosis and differential
diagnosis of patients with suspected multiple sclerosis (MS). Evidence of intrathecal …

Background and Objectives Kappa free light chains (KFLC) seem to efficiently diagnose MS.
However, extensive cohort studies are lacking to establish consensus cut-offs, notably to …

Background Evolving evidence suggests that measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
kappa free light chain (KFLC) synthesis has high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for …

Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS) is characterized by MRI-typical brain lesions
fulfilling the 2009 Okuda criteria, detected in patients without clinical conditions suggestive …

Background and Objectives To evaluate whether the kappa free light chain index (K-index)
can predict the occurrence of new T2-weighted MRI lesions (T2L) and clinical events in …

Diagnostic and prognostic markers are necessary to help in patient diagnosis and the
prediction of future clinical events or disease progression. As promising biomarkers of …

Introduction The immunoglobulin kappa free light chain (KFLC) index has been proposed as
a potentially suitable alternative to oligoclonal IgG bands (OCGB) for diagnosing multiple …