Our previous International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology report on the
nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors (2011) contained a number of …

After more than two decades of preclinical and clinical studies, on August 27, 2019, the US
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist …

Abstract Dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) are densely expressed in the striatum and have
been linked to neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia,. High-affinity binding of …

The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …

The basal ganglia are subcortical nuclei that control voluntary actions, and they are affected
by a number of debilitating neurological disorders,,,. The prevailing model of basal ganglia …

The 826 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the human proteome regulate key
physiological processes and thus have long been attractive drug targets. With the crystal …

The phytocannabinoids of Cannabis sativa L. have, since ancient times, been proposed as a
pharmacological alternative for treating various central nervous system (CNS) disorders …

Caffeine causes most of its biological effects via antagonizing all types of adenosine
receptors (ARs): A1, A2A, A3, and A2B and, as does adenosine, exerts effects on neurons …

The anhedonia hypothesis—that brain dopamine plays a critical role in the subjective
pleasure associated with positive rewards—was intended to draw the attention of …

l-3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) remains the most effective symptomatic treatment of
Parkinson's disease (PD). However, long-term administration of l-DOPA is marred by the …