Simple Summary Beyond mutations, epigenetic changes have been described as drivers for
cancer as well. While leaving the overall DNA structure intact, they can be responsible for …

Cells primarily rely on proteins to perform the majority of their physiological functions, and
the function of proteins is regulated by post‑translational modifications (PTMs). The …

Loss or rearrangement of genetic information can result from incorrect responses to DNA
double strand breaks (DSBs). The cellular responses to DSBs encompass a range of highly …

Glyphosate in the concentrations corresponding to environmental or occupational exposure
has been shown to induce epigenetic changes potentially involved in carcinogenesis. This …

Epigenetic modifications of chromatin play a critical role in regulating the fidelity of the
genetic code and in controlling the translation of genetic information into the protein …

Deoxyribonucleic acid in eukaryotes wraps around the histone octamer to form
nucleosomes 1, the fundamental unit of chromatin. The N termini of histone H4 interact with …

Packaging of eukaryotic genome into chromatin is a major obstacle to cells encountering
DNA damage caused by external or internal agents. For maintaining genomic integrity, the …

Simple Summary Environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metals are risk factors
for cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms of how heavy metals induce …

The somatic mutations found in a cancer genome are imprinted by different mutational
processes. Each process exhibits a characteristic mutational signature, which can be …

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression provides a finely tuned response capacity for cells
when undergoing environmental changes. However, in the context of human physiology or …