This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity
and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested …

Hepatotoxicity is a serious problem during drug development and for the use of many
established drugs. For example, acetaminophen overdose is currently the most frequent …

Background To mimic systemic inflammation in humans, different animal models have been
developed. Since these models are still discussed controversially, we aimed to …

Liver cell death induced by stresses such as ischemia‐reperfusion, cholestasis and drug
toxicity can trigger a sterile inflammatory response with activation of innate immune cells …

Ischemia–reperfusion is a major component of injury in vascular occlusion both during liver
surgery and during liver transplantation. The pathophysiology of hepatic ischemia …

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose, which causes liver injury in animals and humans,
activates c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Although it was shown that the JNK inhibitor …

Cholestasis is a reduction in bile flow that occurs from a variety of causes in humans. This
produces hepatocellular injury and fibrosis. Considering that there are limited therapies for …

Kaempferol, a flavonol component of plants, is well-known to exhibit multiple bioactivities,
such as anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects. However, the underlying mechanisms …

Extracts from medicinal plants, many of which have been used for centuries, are increasingly
tested in models of hepatotoxicity. One of the most popular models to evaluate the …

Relatively little is known about how gold nanoparticles (GNP) might interact in vivo with
marine organisms. Mytilus edulis was exposed (24h) to~ 15nm GNP, menadione and both …