Background Spermatogenesis is a complex process that is controlled by interactions
between germ cells and somatic cells. The commitment of undifferentiated spermatogonia to …

The molecular control of self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells has remained
enigmatic. Transgenic loss-of-function and overexpression models now show that the …

Phthalates have been shown to elicit contrasting effects on the testis and the liver, causing
testicular degeneration and promoting abnormal hepatocyte proliferation and …

Vitamin A is required in the testis for germ cell development. It acts through two families of
retinoid receptors, retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR), each with …

Retinoic acid (RA), an active form of vitamin A, regulates the embryonic development, male
and female reproduction and induces important effects on the cell development …

Signaling through vitamin A metabolites is indispensable for spermatogenesis, and
disruption of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) function resulted in male sterility and …

Cell type-specific microtubules, such as the Sertoli cell microtubules and the manchette and
flagellum microtubules of the spermatids, play essential roles in spermatogenesis. We …

The severe degeneration of the germinal epithelium and subsequent male sterility observed
in mice null for the retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) gene suggested its critical role in …

Retinoic acid (RA), a naturally occurring metabolite of vitamin A, plays an essential role in
regulating cellular growth, differentiation, and death in a variety of tissues, particularly during …

Sertoli cells from the testis contain immunoprotective properties which allow them to survive
as allografts and also to protect islets and adrenal chromafin cells from immune rejection …