Complex pharmacology of free fatty acid receptors

G Milligan, B Shimpukade, T Ulven… - Chemical …, 2017 - ACS Publications
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are historically the most successful family of drug
targets. In recent times it has become clear that the pharmacology of these receptors is far …

Lifting the lid on GPCRs: the role of extracellular loops

M Wheatley, D Wootten, MT Conner… - British journal of …, 2012 - Wiley Online Library
GPCRs exhibit a common architecture of seven transmembrane helices (TMs) linked by
intracellular loops and extracellular loops (ECLs). Given their peripheral location to the site …

High-resolution structure of the human GPR40 receptor bound to allosteric agonist TAK-875

A Srivastava, J Yano, Y Hirozane, G Kefala, F Gruswitz… - Nature, 2014 - nature.com
Abstract Human GPR40 receptor (hGPR40), also known as free fatty-acid receptor 1
(FFAR1), is a G-protein-coupled receptor that binds long-chain free fatty acids to enhance …

Pharmacology of free fatty acid receptors and their allosteric modulators

M Grundmann, E Bender, J Schamberger… - International journal of …, 2021 - mdpi.com
The physiological function of free fatty acids (FFAs) has long been regarded as indirect in
terms of their activities as educts and products in metabolic pathways. The observation that …

Importance of the extracellular loops in G protein-coupled receptors for ligand recognition and receptor activation

MC Peeters, GJP Van Westen, Q Li… - Trends in pharmacological …, 2011 - cell.com
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the major drug target of medicines on the market
today. Therefore, much research is and has been devoted to the elucidation of the function …

Free fatty acid receptors act as nutrient sensors to regulate energy homeostasis

A Ichimura, A Hirasawa, T Hara, G Tsujimoto - Prostaglandins & other lipid …, 2009 - Elsevier
Free fatty acids (FFAs) have been demonstrated to act as ligands of several G-protein-
coupled receptors (GPCRs)(FFAR1, FFAR2, FFAR3, GPR84, and GPR120). These fatty acid …

Classification model for the second extracellular loop of class A GPCRs

A Nicoli, A Dunkel, T Giorgino, C de Graaf… - Journal of Chemical …, 2022 - ACS Publications
The extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) is the longest and the most diverse loop among class AG
protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). It connects the transmembrane (TM) helices 4 and 5 …

The fatty acid receptor FFA1/GPR40 a decade later: how much do we know?

AD Mancini, V Poitout - Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2013 - cell.com
Glucose homeostasis requires the highly coordinated regulation of insulin secretion by
pancreatic β cells. This is primarily mediated by glucose itself, but other nutrients, including …

Structure and activation of the visual pigment rhodopsin

SO Smith - Annual review of biophysics, 2010 - annualreviews.org
Rhodopsin is a specialized G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) found in vertebrate rod
cells. Absorption of light by its 11-cis retinal chromophore leads to rapid photochemical …

Free fatty acid receptors FFAR1 and GPR120 as novel therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders

T Hara, A Hirasawa, A Ichimura, I Kimura… - Journal of …, 2011 - Elsevier
Free fatty acids (FFAs) are not only essential nutritional components, but they also act as
signaling molecules in various physiological processes. Recently, a G-protein-coupled …