Throughout their evolutionary history, bacteria have faced diverse threats from other
microorganisms, including competing bacteria, bacteriophages and predators. In response …

How bacterial chemotaxis is performed is much better understood than why. Traditionally,
chemotaxis has been understood as a foraging strategy by which bacteria enhance their …

Steering soft robots in a self-regulated manner remains a grand challenge, which often
requires continuous symmetry breaking and recovery steps for persistent motion. Although …

Bacterial gene repertoires reflect adaptive strategies, contribute to ecosystem functioning
and are limited by genome size. However, gene functional diversity does not necessarily …

A huge number of bacterial species are motile by flagella, which allow them to actively move
toward favorable environments and away from hazardous areas and to conquer new …

Fungi and bacteria often engage in complex interactions, such as the formation of
multicellular biofilms within the human body. Knowledge about how interkingdom biofilms …

Bacteria swim using a flagellar motor that is powered by stator units. Vibrio spp. are highly
motile bacteria responsible for various human diseases, the polar flagella of which are …

The immune system in the large intestine is separated from commensal microbes and
comparatively rare enteric pathogens by a monolayer of diverse epithelial cells overlaid with …

Surface-associated lifestyles dominate in the bacterial world. Large multicellular assemblies,
called biofilms, are essential to the survival of bacteria in harsh environments and are …

For ideal gasses, the likelihood of collision of two molecules is a function of concentrations
as well as environmental factors such as temperature. This too is the case for particles …