Sex differences in analgesic responses to opioids have received increasing attention in
recent years. This article examines the literature on sex differences in opioid analgesia …

Initiated by the activation of various nociceptors, pain is a reaction to specific stimulus
modalities. The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists, including morphine, remain the most …

Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of the Trigonella foenum-graecum (TFG) leaves
extract, an Iranian medicinal plant, were examined. For anti-inflammatory activity, the …

To further understand the purpose of the traditional processing method of the seeds of
Strychnos nux-vomica L.(Loganiaceae) as well as analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities …

Formalin injected subcutaneously into the paw is a widely used model of pain. This
procedure evokes a short-lasting period of flinching (phase 1) and a long-lasting period of …

Opioid receptors have been demonstrated by light microscopic techniques in fine cutaneous
nerves in naive animals. The present study extends these findings by showing that 29 and …

The physiologic role of the μ opioid receptor (MOR) in gut nociception, motility, and secretion
is well established. To evaluate whether MOR may also be involved in controlling gut …

Previous results from our laboratory indicate that serotonin (5-HT) potentiates pain produced
by other inflammatory mediators. To characterize the receptor subtype (s) mediating this …

Background The vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) is critical in the development of inflammatory
hyperalgesia. Several receptors including G-protein coupled prostaglandin receptors have …

The involvement of bradykinin and some other inflammatory mediators in formalin-induced
oedema and plasma extravasation was examined. Formalin was injected in rat paws at two …