Animals rely heavily on their sense of olfaction to perform various vital interactions with an
ever-in-flux environment. The turbulent and combinatorial nature of air-borne odorant cues …

To adapt to an ever-changing environment, animals consolidate some, but not all, learning
experiences to long-term memory. In mammals, long-term memory consolidation often …

Consolidation of long‐term memory is a highly and precisely regulated multistep process.
The transcription regulator cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) plays a key role …

Chronic stress could induce severe cognitive impairments. Despite extensive investigations
in mammalian models, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we show that …

Across animal species, dopamine-operated memory systems comprise anatomically
segregated, functionally diverse subsystems. Although individual subsystems could operate …

Highlights•Initial memory traces support subsequent aversive learning.•Acquisition of
learned avoidance gates safety learning.•Dopamine-driven extinction learning leads to the …

One of the most important tasks of the brain is to learn and remember information associated
with food. Studies in mice and Drosophila have shown that sugar rewards must be …

The brain constantly compares past and present experiences to predict the future, thereby
enabling instantaneous and future behavioral adjustments. Integration of external …

The Drosophila larva is an attractive model system to study fundamental questions in the
field of neuroscience. Like the adult fly, the larva offers a seemingly unlimited genetic …

Dysregulated motivation to consume psychoactive substances leads to addictive behaviors
that often result in serious health consequences. Understanding the neuronal mechanisms …