Background: The transmission of respiratory viruses such as influenza and corona viruses
from one person to another is still not fully understood. Methods: A literature search showed …

Background There is insufficient knowledge about the systemic health effects of exposure to
fine (PM2. 5) and ultrafine particles emitted from typical indoor sources, including cooking …

Background The knowledge on the concentration of viral particles in exhaled breath is
limited. The aim of this study was to explore if severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Access to distal airway samples to assess respiratory diseases is not straightforward and
requires invasive procedures such as bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. The …

Small airways are difficult to access. Exhaled droplets, also referred to as particles, provide a
sample of small airway lining fluid and may reflect inflammatory responses. We aimed to …

Background The introduction of modulator therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) has led to an
increased interest in the detection of small airway disease (SAD) as sensitive marker of …

Introduction Respiratory tract lining fluid of small airways mainly consists of surfactant that
can be investigated by collection of the particles of exhaled aerosol (PExA) method. This …

Background There is a lack of early and precise biomarkers for personalized respiratory
medicine. Breath contains an aerosol of droplet particles, which are formed from the …

Respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF) is an important component of the lung epithelial barrier.
Pathological changes in RTLF may cause increased permeability of the epithelial barrier …

Background: Changes in lung structures persist in stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease (COPD), but their correlation with the clinical picture remains unclear. The purpose …