Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential for most biological reactions in mammalian cells. When
the intracellular oxygen content decreases, it is called hypoxia. The process of hypoxia is …

Cancer has myriad effects on metabolism that include both rewiring of intracellular
metabolism to enable cancer cells to proliferate inappropriately and adapt to the tumor …

Cells metabolize nutrients for biosynthetic and bioenergetic needs to fuel growth and
proliferation. The uptake of nutrients from the environment and their intracellular metabolism …

Molecular oxygen (O2) sustains intracellular bioenergetics and is consumed by numerous
biochemical reactions, making it essential for most species on Earth. Accordingly, decreased …

The altered metabolic programme of cancer cells facilitates their cell-autonomous
proliferation and survival. In normal cells, signal transduction pathways control core cellular …

The mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a crucial role in
regulation of cell survival, metabolism, growth and protein synthesis in response to upstream …

Protein phosphorylation is an important cellular regulatory mechanism as many enzymes
and receptors are activated/deactivated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events …

Abstract Hypoxia‑ischemia (H‑I) is frequently observed in perinatal asphyxia and other
diseases. It can lead to serious cardiac injury, cerebral damage, neurological disability and …

Metastatic disease is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths and involves critical
interactions between tumor cells and the microenvironment. Hypoxia is a potent …

Studies of the regulation of erythropoietin (EPO) production by the liver and kidneys, one of
the classical physiological responses to hypoxia, led to the discovery of human oxygen …