Transcription factors are DNA-binding proteins that regulate gene expression. Nuclear factor-
κB (NF-κB) is a critical transcription factor for maximal expression of many cytokines that are …

Airway disease currently causes most of the morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic
fibrosis (CF). However, understanding the pathogenesis of CF lung disease and developing …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by inflammation of the
respiratory tract in which macrophages are the predominant inflammatory cell and for which …

The biology of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system has been studied extensively in
the mouse. Studies of the pig as an experimental model have commonly been consigned to …

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has a detrimental impact on
public health. COVID-19 usually manifests as pneumonia, which can progress into acute …

Induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1)(α and β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-
12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) …

DNA-based nanoconstructs possess great potential for biomedical applications. However,
the in vivo behavior of such constructs at the microscopic tissue/cell level as well as their …

Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6 and IL-
8, are rapidly induced early in a disease or injury process. They mediate and modulate …

A cDNA library of mRNA from flounder leukocytes stimulated with bacterial
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and hemagglutinin was constructed to clone cytokine genes of this …

When macrophages were cultured with lactoferrin, cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor
(TNF‐α), interleukin 8 (IL‐8) and nitric oxide (NO) were secreted. Secretion of TNF‐α peaked …