When macrophages were cultured with lactoferrin, cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor
(TNF‐α), interleukin 8 (IL‐8) and nitric oxide (NO) were secreted. Secretion of TNF‐α peaked …

An Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection model in swine was established to study the
expression of inflammatory cytokines during acute respiratory disease. Lavage fluid, lavage …

Background Designing sustainable animal production systems that better balance
productivity and resistance to disease is a major concern. In order to address questions …

A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was developed in
order to provide a highly sensitive, rapid, and simple means of simultaneously measuring …

Inflammation is an important manifestation of respiratory disease in domestic animals. The
respiratory system is mucosal in nature and has specific defense mechanisms used to …

In 2006 China experienced outbreaks of a severe form of porcine reproductive and
respiratory syndrome (PRRS) characterized by high fever, morbidity and mortality in swine …

The biopolymer DNA allows to create nanoscale, biocompatible structures, which can be
designed in a target-specific and stimuli-responsive manner. DNA carrier systems with these …

Glycoprotein 5 (GP5) and membrane (M) protein are the major proteins in the envelope of
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Although viral neutralization …

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum
that commonly occurs in maize. In swine, consumption of contaminated feed induces liver …

Neutrophil influx in lung injury is controlled in part by chemokines acting through the
receptor, CXCR2. To avoid adverse effects of steroids typically used to modify inflammation …