Abstract Mu-Opioid Receptors (MORs) are well-known for participating in analgesia,
sedation, drug addiction, and other physiological functions. Although MORs have been …

Decades of research advances have established a central role for endogenous opioid
systems in regulating reward processing, mood, motivation, learning and memory …

Neuroplasticity in cortico-limbic circuits has been implicated in pain persistence and pain
modulation in clinical and preclinical studies. The amygdala has emerged as a key player in …

The pain-relieving properties of opioids in inflammatory and neuropathic pain are
heightened by hydrogen sulfide (H2S). However, whether allodynia and functional and/or …

Background: The inflammatory process represents a specific response of the organism's
immune system. More often, it is related to the rising pain in the affected area. Independently …

As the global obesity rate increases, so does the urgency to find effective anti-obesity drugs.
In the search for therapeutic targets, central nervous system (CNS) mechanisms engaged in …

Mice lacking the σ1 receptor chaperone (σ1R–/–) are resilient to depressive-like behaviors
secondary to neuropathic pain. Examining the resilience's brain mechanisms could help …

Abstract The dynorphin (DYN)/kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) system is involved in dysphoria
and negative emotional states. Dysregulation of KOR function promotes maladaptive …

Biphalin, one of the opioid agonists, is a dimeric analog of enkephalin with a high affinity for
opioid receptors. Opioid receptors are widespread in the central nervous system and in …

Introduction Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a treatable mental health condition that is
associated with a range of psychobiological manifestations. However, historical controversy …