Aims Smoking prevalence is higher among people enrolled in addiction treatment compared
with the general population, and very high rates of smoking are associated with opiate drug …

A number of studies have assessed the effects of psychoactive drugs on stress biology, the
neuroadaptations resulting from chronic drug use on stress biology, and their effects on …

The opioid epidemic is a public health problem associated with a host of negative outcomes.
Although clinicians recognize covariation between opioid misuse with anxiety and …

The neural mechanisms of heroin addiction are still incompletely understood, even though
modern neuroimaging techniques offer insights into disease-related changes in vivo. While …

The present study investigated whether psychological and/or physiological measures of
stress would impede induction onto methadone maintenance and predict early (< 6 months) …

Background The reliable assessment of cortisol is a necessary requirement to produce
replicable research. Several recommendations to increase cortisol assessment reliability …

Background Euphoria has been described in heroindependent individuals after heroin
administration. However, affective disturbances and disorders are common in heroin …

Background There is evidence that exposure to social stress plays a crucial role in the onset
and relapse of schizophrenia; however, the reaction of patients with schizophrenia spectrum …

This paper is the thirty-fourth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2011 …

Heroin dependence is a severe and chronically relapsing substance use disorder with
limited treatment options. Stress is known to increase craving and drug-taking behavior, but …