Reactive astrocytes are astrocytes undergoing morphological, molecular, and functional
remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the CNS. Although this remodeling …

Astrocytes are key cellular partners for neurons in the central nervous system. Astrocytes
react to virtually all types of pathological alterations in brain homeostasis by significant …

Challenges in drug development of neurological diseases remain mainly ascribed to the
blood–brain barrier (BBB). Despite the valuable contribution of animal models to drug …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) was initially considered to be part of the endocrine
system regulating water and electrolyte balance, systemic vascular resistance, blood …

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the loss of neurons and/or myelin sheath,
which deteriorate over time and cause dysfunction. Interleukin 17A is the signature cytokine …

Connexin 43 (Cx43) gap junctions and hemichannels mediate astrocyte intercellular
communication in the central nervous system under normal conditions and contribute to …

Research on glial cells over the past 30 years has confirmed the critical role of astrocytes in
pathophysiological brain states. However, most of our knowledge about astrocyte …

Epileptic seizures are widely regarded to occur as a result of the excitation-inhibition
imbalance from a neuro-centric view. Although astrocyte-neuron interactions are …

Neuroinflammation and the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3
inflammasome play crucial roles in secondary tissue damage following an initial insult in …

Neurodegenerative disorders, including chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment, are
associated with neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction. Cisplatin, a commonly used …