Light has become established as a tool not only to visualize and investigate but also to steer
biological systems. This review starts by discussing the unique features that make light such …

Photo-receptors are widely present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, which serves as
the foundation of tuning cell behaviors with light. While practices in eukaryotic cells have …

Optogenetic methods take advantage of photoswitches to control the activity of cellular
proteins. Here, we completed a multi-directional engineering of the fungal photoreceptor …

Chromophore cis/trans photoisomerization is a fundamental process in chemistry and in the
activation of many photosensitive proteins. A major task is understanding the effect of the …

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK s) are a large family of cell surface receptors that sense
growth factors and hormones and regulate a variety of cell behaviours in health and …

Abstract Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) is an intrinsic part of sunlight that is accompanied by
significant biological effects. Plants are able to perceive UV-B using the UV-B photoreceptor …

Light-regulated modules offer unprecedented new ways to control cellular behavior in
precise spatial and temporal resolution. The availability of such tools may dramatically …

The emergence and future of mammalian synthetic biology depends on technologies for
orchestrating and custom tailoring complementary gene expression and signaling …

Bacteriophytochromes sense light in the near-infrared window, the spectral region where
absorption by mammalian tissues is minimal, and their chromophore, biliverdin IXα, is …

Optogenetics and photopharmacology provide spatiotemporally precise control over protein
interactions and protein function in cells and animals. Optogenetic methods that are …