A hostile microenvironment in tumor tissues disrupts endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis
and induces the unfolded protein response (UPR). A chronic UPR in both cancer cells and …

Simple Summary Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-surrounded
vesicles that carry bioactive molecules and deliver them to recipient cells. Classical EVs are …

A key aspect for successful drug delivery via lipid‐based nanoparticles is their
internalization in target cells. Two prominent examples of such drug delivery systems are …

Exosomes have been considered as novel and potent vehicles of intercellular
communication, instead of “cell dust”. Exosomes are consistent with anucleate cells, and …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential alternatives for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in
the treatment of musculoskeletal degenerative diseases, including intervertebral disc …

The tumor microenvironment is replete with factors secreted and internalized by surrounding
cells. Exosomes are nano-sized, protein-embedded, membrane-bound vesicles that are …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising candidates for multiple biomedical
applications. Major types of EVs include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies …

With the development of biomedicine, exosomes are rapidly developing as a new therapy
for tumors. As biological carriers, exosomes possess biological activity and can transport …

In recent decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as bioactive cell-secreted nanoparticles
which are involved in various physiological and pathological processes including cell …

Retinal ischemia is a major cause of vision loss and impairment and a common underlying
mechanism associated with diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and central …