Osteoporosis is becoming a major concern in the field of public health. The process of bone
loss is insidious and does not directly induce obvious symptoms. Complications indicate an …

Lung cancer (LC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the
leading causes of mortality worldwide. Cigarette smoking is among the main aetiologic …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an irreversible inflammatory respiratory
disease characterized by frequent exacerbations and symptoms such as cough and …

Alopecia areata (AA) is a dermatological condition characterized by non-scarring hair loss.
Exact etiopathogenesis of AA is still unknown although it is known that several factors …

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in which the overproduction of
reactive oxygen species plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and persistence of …

The association of airborne particulate matter exposure with the deteriorating function of the
cardiovascular system is fundamentally driven by the impairment of mitochondrial-nuclear …

Autophagy is the key process by which the cell degrades parts of itself within the lysosomes.
It maintains cell survival and homeostasis by removing molecules (particularly proteins) …

Oxidative stress and inflammation induced by cigarette smoking are associated with the
pathology process of various chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma, emphysema …

The cocoa industry generates a considerable quantity of cocoa shell, a by-product with high
levels of methylxanthines and phenolic compounds. Nevertheless, the digestion process …

Atherosclerosis is a complex pathological condition marked by the accumulation of lipids in
the arterial wall, leading to the development of plaques that can eventually rupture and …