We develop a theory of change for payments for environmental services (PES) to review
their imminent strengths and weaknesses in light of a growing body of impact evaluation …

Commons—resources used or governed by groups of heterogeneous users through agreed-
upon institutional arrangements—are the subject of one of the more successful research …

Abstract Research on Payments for Environmental Services has only recently started to pay
attention to motivation" crowding", ie the effect that such rewards might have on either …

Nowadays, many governments and companies are aware of the role of incentives in
encouraging individuals' low-carbon behaviors. Individual Low-carbon Behavior Rewarding …

Payment for ecosystem services (PES) programmes seek to promote conservation via
payments for desired resource-use behaviours. While PES has been found to produce some …

Payments for environmental services (PES) programs incentivize landowners to protect or
improve natural resources. Many conservationists fear that introducing compensation for …

Interventions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions strive to promote gender balance so that
men and women have equal rights to participate in, and benefit from, decision-making about …

Nature is perceived and valued in many different ways. Often, the types of values that are the
most important to people depend on how they cognitively frame desirable human–nature …

Using financial incentives to induce pro-environmental behavior may reduce pro-
environmental motivation, but it remains unclear how and when such “motivation crowding …

Governance of shared resources needs to overcome collective action problems. Relational
values and decision-making play a critical role in this process. Approaches are needed to …