Genome engineering in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) holds great promise for
biomedical research and regenerative medicine. Recently, an RNA-guided, DNA-cleaving …

Introduction Bacteria and archaea defend themselves against invasive DNA using adaptive
immune systems comprising CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic …

Few discoveries transform a discipline overnight, but biologists today can manipulate cells in
ways never possible before, thanks to a peculiar form of prokaryotic adaptive immunity …

Recent advances with the type II clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
(CRISPR) system promise an improved approach to genome editing. However, the …

Bacteria and their viral predators (bacteriophages) are locked in a constant battle. In order to
proliferate in phage-rich environments, bacteria have an impressive arsenal of defence …

CRISPR–Cas systems of bacteria and archaea comprise chromosomal loci with typical
repetitive clusters and associated genes encoding a range of Cas proteins. Adaptation of …

A widespread system used by bacteria for protection against potentially dangerous foreign
DNA molecules consists of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats …

Bacteria and archaea have evolved adaptive immune defenses, termed clustered regularly
interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems, that …

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent and costly biofilm-associated infectious diseases
affecting most of the world's population. In particular, dental caries is driven by dysbiosis of …

The battle for survival between bacteria and the viruses that infect them (phages) has led to
the evolution of many bacterial defence systems and phage-encoded antagonists of these …