TLRs (Toll-like receptors) are a family of innate immune receptors that induce protective
immune responses against infections. Single-stranded viral RNA and bacterial DNA …

Immunostimulatory DNA containing unmethylated CpG motifs is recognized by Toll-like
receptor 9, resulting in the activation of innate immune responses that subsequently amplify …

Recent reports have identified two major classes of CpG motif-containing
oligodeoxynucleotide immunostimulatory sequences (ISS): uniformly modified …

Control over cellular delivery of different functionalities and their synchronized activation is a
challenging task. We report several RNA and RNA/DNA-based nanoparticles designed to …

Bacterial DNA and synthetic oligomers containing CpG dinucleotides activate the immune
system through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9. Here, we compare the immunostimulatory activity …

WEIKWRHPSBSLNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [5-(2-amino-6-oxo-3H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-
yl] methyl [5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-2-(phosphonooxymethyl) oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen …

Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides present within certain specific sequence contexts in
bacterial and synthetic DNA stimulate innate immune responses and induce cytokine …

Abstract Oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing CpG dinucleotides (CpG DNAs) are currently
being evaluated as novel immunomodulators in clinical trials. Recently, we showed that an …

Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, triplex-forming oligodeoxynucleotides and double-
stranded small interfering RNAs have great potential for the treatment of many severe and …

Introduction: Nucleic acid-based therapeutics (NATs) are proven agents in correcting
disorders caused by gene mutations, as treatments against cancer, microbes and viruses …