Infection of the colon with the Gram-positive bacterium Clostridium difficile is potentially life
threatening, especially in elderly people and in patients who have dysbiosis of the gut …

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), used to treat gastro-esophageal reflux and prevent gastric
ulcers, are among the most widely used drugs in the world. The use of PPIs is associated …

Background and aims Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the top 10 most widely used
drugs in the world. PPI use has been associated with an increased risk of enteric infections …

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of health care-associated disease. CDI
initiates with ingestion of C. difficile spores, germination in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and …

Clostridium difficile infection is the most common cause of severe cases of antibiotic-
associated diarrhea (AAD) and is a significant health burden. Recent increases in the rate of …

Antibiotic therapy is the principal risk factor for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but little is
known about how risks cumulate over the course of therapy and abate after cessation. We …

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) remains a substantial burden on healthcare systems and
is likely to remain so given our reliance on antimicrobial therapies to treat bacterial …

The commensal microbiome plays an important role in the dynamics of Clostridium difficile
infection. In this chapter, we describe minibioreactor arrays (MBRAs), an in vitro cultivation …

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains a significant healthcare burden. Non-toxigenic
C. difficile (NTCD) strains have shown a benefit in preventing porcine enteritis and in human …

Given that Clostridium difficile is not part of the normal human microbiota, if multiple strains
are to accumulate in the colon implies successive exposure events and/or persistent …