Background Recently, there has been significantly increased participation in online gaming
and other addictive behaviors particularly in adolescents. Tendencies to avoid social …

Increasing evidence suggests a role of neuroinflammation in substance use disorders
(SUDs). This Review presents findings from neuroimaging studies assessing brain markers …

Background Loss of control over drug intake occurring in drug addiction is believed to result
from disruption of reward circuits, including reduced responsiveness to natural rewards (eg …

Background Nicotine and illicit stimulants are very addictive substances. Although
associations between grey matter and dependence on stimulants have been frequently …

Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has been considered a potential behavioral or non-
substance addiction that requires further investigation. Recognition of the commonalities …

Neuroscientists have devoted efforts to explore potential brain recovery after prolonged
abstinence in heroin users (HU). However, not much is known about whether frontostriatal …

As a critical component of cortico‐striato‐thalamo‐cortical loop in addiction, our
understanding of the thalamus in impaired cognition of heroin users (HU) has been limited …

Dopaminergic pathways from the midbrain to striatum as well as cortex are involved in
addiction. However, the alternations of these pathways and whether the recoveries of …

Habenular (Hb) processes negative emotions that may drive compulsive food-intake. Its
functional changes were reported following laparoscopic-sleeve-gastrectomy (LSG) …

Adolescent alcohol use is associated with increased risk for alcohol use disorders later in
life; therefore, identifying biomarkers for initiation of heavy alcohol use, such as individual …