Organisms adapt to changing environments by adjusting their development, metabolism,
and behavior to improve their chances of survival and reproduction. To achieve such …

The insulin-like peptide (ILP) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling pathways play a
crucial role in the regulation of metabolism, growth and development, fecundity, stress …

Efforts are ongoing to map synaptic wiring diagrams, or connectomes, to understand the
neural basis of brain function. However, chemical synapses represent only one type of …

Suppressing sensory arousal is critical for sleep, with deeper sleep requiring stronger
sensory suppression. The mechanisms that enable sleeping animals to largely ignore their …

Employing the clear, student-friendly style that made previous editions so popular, Insect
Physiology and Biochemistry, Fourth Edition presents an engaging and authoritative guide …

Ctenophores are gelatinous marine animals famous for locomotion by ciliary combs. Due to
the uncertainties of the phylogenetic placement of ctenophores and the absence of some …

The Drosophila ventral nerve cord (VNC) receives and processes descending signals from
the brain to produce a variety of coordinated locomotor outputs. It also integrates sensory …

Plasticity in animal behaviour relies on the ability to integrate external and internal cues from
the changing environment and hence modulate activity in synaptic circuits of the brain. This …

Neuropeptides (NPs) are a kind of neuromodulator/neurotransmitter that works as signaling
molecules in the central nervous system, and perform major roles in physiological and …

Ecdysteroids are a class of steroid hormones that controls molting and metamorphic
transitions in Ecdysozoan species including insects, in which ecdysteroid biosynthesis and …