Studies investigating environmental enrichment have shown that exposure to enhanced
sensory, cognitive, motor and social stimulation results in behavioural, cellular and …

The Norway rat has important impacts on our life. They are amongst the most used research
subjects, resulting in ground-breaking advances. At the same time, wild rats live in close …

The provision of environmental enrichment (EE) for laboratory rats is recommended in
European guidelines governing laboratory animal welfare. It is believed the EE …

Exposure to environmental enrichment can beneficially influence the behavior and enhance
synaptic plasticity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediated effects of …

Stress can be defined as a brain–body reaction towards stimuli arising from the environment
or from internal cues that are interpreted as a disruption of homeostasis. The organization of …

Glucocorticoids (corticosterone in birds and rodents and cortisol in all other mammals) are
glucoregulatory hormones that are synthesized in response to a range of stimuli including …

One hallmark of psychiatric conditions is the vast continuum of individual differences in
susceptibility vs. resilience resulting from the interaction of genetic and environmental …

The subgranular zone of the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus contains a pool of neural stem
cells that continuously divide and differentiate into functional granule cells. It has been …

Enriched environmental (EE) housing dampens stress-induced alterations in
neurobiological systems, promotes adaptability, and extinguishes submissive behavioral …

Environmental stimulation throughout development adjusts the neurobehavioral systems
involved in learning, memory and defensive responses. Environment-mediated phenotypic …