IgGs are essential soluble components of the adaptive immune response that evolved to
protect the body from infection. Compared with other immunoglobulins, the role of IgGs is …

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated allergy is the most common hypersensitivity disease
affecting more than 30% of the population. Exposure to even minute quantities of allergens …

Antibodies are essential components of an adaptive immune response. Immunoglobulin G
(IgG) is the most common type of antibody found in circulation and extracellular fluids …

Food allergy is a major health issue, affecting the lives of 8% of US children and their
families. There is an urgent need to identify the environmental and endogenous signals that …

Humoral immune responses at mucosal surfaces have historically focused on IgA. Growing
evidence highlights the complexity of IgA-inducing pathways and the functional impact of IgA …

The gut is an efficient barrier which protects against the passage of pathogenic
microorganisms and potential harmful macromolecules into the body, in addition to its …

Epidemiological studies have shown a dramatic increase in the incidence and the
prevalence of allergic diseases over the last several decades. Environmental triggers …

The improvement of the knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the
tolerance and sensitization to food antigens has recently led to a radical change in the …

Mast cells (MCs) are central effector cells in allergic reactions that are often mediated by
immunoglobulin E (IgE). Allergies commonly start at an early age, and both MCs and IgE are …

This review aims to provide an in depth overview of the current knowledge of the effects of
bovine immunoglobulins on the human immune system. The stability and functional effects …