Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in many physiological processes and several lines of evidence
have indicated that NO plays a complex and diverse role in the modulation of pain. Nitric …

What is known and objective Optimal utilization of opioid analgesics is significantly limited
by the central nervous system adverse effects and misuse/abuse potential of currently …

The final step in the direct restoration of the nociceptor threshold by peripheral
administration of morphine and dipyrone was recently suggested to result from the opening …

Pain is a classical sign of inflammation, and sensitization of primary sensory neurons (PSN)
is the most important mediating mechanism. This mechanism involves direct action of …

Background: In addition to their central effects, opioids cause peripheral analgesia. There is
evidence showing that peripheral activation of kappa opioid receptors (KORs) inhibits …

The pyrazol compounds are known to possess antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory
activities. This study was conducted to investigate the peripheral antinociceptive effect of the …

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic drug able to prevent nociceptor sensitization when
administered into the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of rats. The mechanism underlying the …

This study assessed the effect of the agonist 15d-PGJ2 administered into the rat
temporomandibular joint (TMJ) on nociceptive behavioral and the anti-inflammatory …

Scratching is the behavioral manifestation of pruritus. The pruritus of cholestasis can be
severe, intractable and affect the quality of life. We investigated if ethynylestradiol (EE) …

The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of central administration of L-arginine
(The precursor of nitric oxide), NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide …