Abiotic stressors, such as drought, heavy metals, and high salinity, are causing huge crop
losses worldwide. These abiotic stressors are expected to become more extreme, less …

The spermatophyte root system is composed of a primary root that develops from an
embryonically formed root meristem, and of different post-embryonic root types: lateral and …

Due to the large area of agricultural soils contaminated by Cd worldwide, cost-effective and
practical method for safety food production are necessary. The roles of micronutrient on …

Concentration gradients of multiple heavy metals (HMs) in the arid loess region near a
smelter were determined. In order to understand the response of soil microbes to multiple …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a widely distributed gaseous signaling molecule in plants that can be
synthesized through enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways and plays an important role in …

Heavy metal (HM) stress is a major hazard, which significantly affects plant growth and
development. In order to confront HM stress, plants directly or indirectly regulate the levels of …

The role of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S)/nitric oxide (NO) in mitigating stress-induced damages
has gained interest in the past few years. However, the protective mechanism H 2 S and/or …

Salinity impairs plant growth and development, thereby leading to low yield and inferior
quality of crops. Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an essential signaling molecule that is …

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are known as the sixth type of plant hormone participating in various
physiological and biochemical activities and play an irreplaceable role in plants. Small …

Iron deficiency is a major global agricultural problem. Siderophores can help organisms to
uptake iron in form of siderophore-Fe3+ complexes and then in the cell cytosol, iron is …