The interconnected nuclei of the ventral basal ganglia have long been identified as key
regulators of motivated behavior, and dysfunction of this circuit is strongly implicated in …

Glutamate and dopamine (DA) represent two key contributors to striatal functioning, a region
of the brain that is essential to motor coordination and motivated behavior. While …

G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) has been thought to be a putative cannabinoid
receptor. However, little is known about its functional role in cannabinoid action and …

It is particularly challenging to develop a truly effective pharmacotherapy for cocaine use
disorder (CUD) treatment. Accelerating cocaine metabolism via hydrolysis at cocaine …

The roles of astrocytes as reservoirs and producers of a subset of viral proteins in the HIV
infected brain have been studied extensively as a key to understanding HIV-associated …

In the presence of alcohol, cocaine metabolism produces a number of metabolites, including
three toxic ones (cocaethylene, norcocaine, and norcocaethylene) which are all more toxic …

Cannabis legalization continues to progress in the USA for medical and recreational
purposes. G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is a putative “CB3” receptor. However, its …

Substance abuse is a worldwide problem with serious repercussions for patients and the
communities where they live. Pregabalin (Lyrica), is a medication commonly used to treat …