The presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number
of medical conditions; however, the subject remains controversial and no official statements …

Key Clinical Points Cryptogenic Stroke One quarter of patients with ischemic stroke have no
probable cause found after standard workup, including echocardiography, inpatient cardiac …

Background Whether closure of a patent foramen ovale reduces the risk of recurrence of
ischemic stroke in patients who have had a cryptogenic ischemic stroke is unknown …

Nearly one-half of patients with cryptogenic stroke have a patent foramen ovale (PFO). The
dilemma of whether to close these PFOs percutaneously, in an effort to reduce the risk of …

Background The comparative effectiveness of percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale
(PFO) plus medical therapy versus medical therapy alone for cryptogenic stroke is uncertain …

Paradoxical embolism is an important clinical entity among patients with venous
thromboembolism in the presence of intracardiac or pulmonary shunts. The clinical …

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is the most common congenital heart abnormality of fetal origin
and is present in approximately∼ 25% of the worldwide adult population. PFO is the …

PFOs can be detected by transthoracic echocardiography, TEE, or transcranial Doppler
ultrasound (TCD). Of these tests, transthoracic echocardiography is the least sensitive …

Contemporary evidence supports device-based transcatheter interventions for the
management of patients with structural heart disease. These procedures, which include …

Background and Purpose: Multiple studies evaluated whether patent foramen ovale (PFO)
closure reduces the risk of ischemic stroke. One commonly reported complication of PFO …