The main limitation to the success of central nervous system (CNS) therapies lies in the
difficulty for drugs to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and reach the brain. Regarding its …

Transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a widely accepted
quantitative technique to measure the integrity of tight junction dynamics in cell culture …

The neurovascular unit is a complex, interdependent system composed of neurons and
neural supporting cells, such as astrocytes, as well as cells that comprise the vascular …

Brain delivery is one of the major challenges in drug development because of the high
number of patients suffering from neural diseases and the low efficiency of the treatments …

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively used as nanomaterials for theranostic
applications due to their multifunctional characteristics in therapeutics, imaging, and surface …

Glucose transporters (GLUTs) at the blood-brain barrier maintain the continuous high
glucose and energy demands of the brain. They also act as therapeutic targets and provide …

The mammalian brain is supplied with blood by specialized vasculature that is structurally
and functionally distinct from that of the periphery. A defining feature of this vasculature is a …

The delivery of therapeutics to the brain in an efficient, noninvasive manner continues to be
a major unmet need in the field of drug delivery. One significant impediment to brain delivery …

Treatment of certain central nervous system disorders, including different types of cerebral
malignancies, is limited by traditional oral or systemic administrations of therapeutic drugs …

With the rapid development of nanotechnologies, nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly
produced and used in many commercial products, which could lead to the contact of human …