This review provides a detailed look at the attributes and immunologic mechanisms of
plasmid DNA vaccines and their utility as laboratory tools as well as potential human …

Efforts to make vaccines against infectious diseases as well as immunotherapies for cancer,
autoimmune diseases and allergy have utilized a variety of heterologous expression …

We contrast the efforts to treat ovarian cancer and cervical cancer through vaccination
because of their different pathobiology. A plethora of approaches have been developed for …

The identification of human papillomavirus (HPV) as an etiological factor for HPV-associated
malignancies creates the opportunity to control these cancers through vaccination …

Background: Cervical cancer is the second largest cause of cancer deaths in women
worldwide. It is now evident that persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus …

DNA vaccines have been widely used in efforts to develop vaccines against various
pathogens as well as for cancer, autoimmune diseases and allergy. DNA vaccines offer …

The high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) have been found to be associated with
most cervical cancers and play an essential role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Despite …

DNA vaccines have been used to generate protective immunity against tumors in a variety of
experimental models. The favorite target antigens have been those that are frequently …

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem and novel vaccination
regimens are urgently needed. Areas covered: DNA vaccines against TB have been tested …

Recently, it has become more and more obvious that not only CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes,
but also CD4+ T helper cells are required for the induction of an optimal, long‐lasting anti …