During the past 30 yr, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly
vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities …

Upon receipt in the dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord, nociceptive (pain-signalling)
information from the viscera, skin and other organs is subject to extensive processing by a …

The central autonomic network (CAN) is an integral component of an internal regulation
system through which the brain controls visceromotor, neuroendocrine, pain, and behavioral …

For over 30 years, scientists have been investigating the phenomenon of pain suppression
upon exposure to unconditioned or conditioned stressful stimuli, commonly known as stress …

▪ Abstract The overall organization of the peripheral autonomic nervous system has been
known for many decades, but the mechanisms by which it is controlled by the central …

Despite the fact that many research articles have been written about stress and stress-
related diseases, no scientifically accepted definition of stress exists. Selye introduced and …

THE hypothalamus plays a central role in the integrated regulation of energy homeostasis
and body weight, and a number of hypothalamic neuropeptides, such as neuropeptide Y …

Stressful stimuli evoke complex endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses that are
extremely variable and specific depending on the type and nature of the stressors. We first …

Melatonin, the major hormone produced by the pineal gland, displays characteristic daily
and seasonal patterns of secretion. These robust and predictable rhythms in circulating …

Discovery of the leptin receptor and its downstream peptidergic pathways has reconfirmed
the crucial role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of food intake and energy balance …