As the body's integumentary system, the skin is vulnerable to injuries. The subsequent
wound healing processes aim to restore dermal and epidermal integrity and functionality. To …

Balancing the immune response after solid organ transplantation (SOT) and vascularized
composite allotransplantation (VCA) remains an ongoing clinical challenge. While …

Background Blood vessels that contain endothelial cells (ECs) on the surface are in direct
contact with host blood and are the first target of xenograft rejection. Currently, our …

Background Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) offers the potential for a
biological, functional reconstruction in individuals with limb loss or facial disfigurement. Yet …

Acute cellular rejection remains a significant obstacle affecting successful outcomes of
organ transplantation including vascularized composite tissue allografts (VCA). Donor …

The field of plastic surgery is continuously evolving, with faster-emerging technologies and
therapeutic approaches, leading to the necessity of establishing novel protocols and solving …

Facial palsy (FP) is a debilitating nerve pathology. Cross Face Nerve Grafting (CFNG)
describes a surgical technique that uses nerve grafts to reanimate the paralyzed face. The …

Facial vascularized composite allotransplantation (FVCA) is an emerging field of
reconstructive surgery that represents a dogmatic shift in the surgical treatment of patients …

The diagnosis of CR in VCA still relies mainly on clinicopathological graft alterations;
unfortunately, these become overt rather late during the rejection process, when reversal of …

Background Apart from the skin, little is known about the immunological processes in deeper
tissues, which are typically not accessible to biopsy and inspection, of vascularized …