Natural selection has evolved a process of fracture healing that is characterized by callus
formation and is enhanced by physical loading and motion at the fracture site. Internal …

Objective: To determine the effect of reamed versus nonreamed intramedullary (IM) nailing
of lower extremity long bone fractures on the rates of nonunion, implant failure, malunion …

Intramedullary nailing of the tibia was performed on 145 tibiae (137 patients) for fracture or
nonunion from 1985 to 1992. There were 133 cases available for radiographic analysis of …

Background: The treatment of distal metaphyseal tibial fractures remains controversial. This
study was performed to evaluate the results of intramedullary nailing of distal tibial fractures …

Severe open fractures of the tibia have a high incidence of complications and a poor
outcome. The most usual method of stabilisation is by external fixation, but the advent of …

Background: To compare closed intramedullary nailing with open plate and screw fixation
and set the indications for each treatment modality in distal metaphyseal fractures of tibia, 64 …

Ninety-one patients who had ninety-four open fractures of the tibial shaft were randomized
into two treatment groups. Fifty fractures (nine type-I, eighteen type-II, sixteen type-IIIA, and …

We reviewed 63 patients with fractures of the distal tibial metaphysis, with or without
minimally displaced extension into the ankle joint. The fractures had been caused by two …

The system of Gustilo and Anderson for the classification of open fractures is commonly
used as a basis for treatment decisions and for comparison of the published results of …

Objectives: To determine if there are differences in healing, complications, or number of
procedures required to obtain union among open and closed tibia fractures treated with …