Danshen, the dried root or rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., is a traditional and folk
medicine in Asian countries, especially in China and Japan. In this review, we summarized …

Abstract Resveratrol (3, 4', 5-trihydroxystilbene; C 14 H 12 O 3) is a polyphenolic phytoalexin
found in grapes, berries, peanuts, and wines. Resveratrol has been viewed as an …

Background Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a classical nuclear
transcription factor that regulates the system's anti-oxidative stress response. The activation …

Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza), which has been used for thousands of years to treat
cardiovascular diseases, is a well-known Chinese medicinal plant. The fat-soluble …

Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia is one of the main reasons that cause neuronal damage and
neonatal death. Several studies have shown that tanshinone I (TsI), one of the major …

The mitochondria are the major source of reactive species in the mammalian cells.
Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) is a potent inducer of redox impairment by a mechanism, at …

Abstract Carnosic acid (CA; C 20 H 28 O 4), a phenolic diterpene characterized as an ortho-
dihydroquinone-type molecule, is a pro-electrophile agent that becomes an electrophile …

The link between mitochondrial dysfunction, redox impairment, and inflammation leads to
increased rates of brain cells loss in neurodegenerative diseases and in affective disorders …

Mitochondria are the major site of ATP production in mammalian cells. Furthermore, these
organelles are a source and a target of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as radical …

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), a prevalent reactive oxygen species (ROS) found in
natural aquatic environments, has garnered significant attention for its potential toxicity in …