This review addresses how women and men are represented in regulatory tests conducted
to assess adult occupant safety in vehicles. Injury statistics show that protection in the event …

There are two parts to the aim of this study. The first part comprised reviewing how men and
women are represented in regulatory tests conducted to assess adult occupant safety in …

Finite element Human Body Models are increasingly becoming vital tools for injury
assessment and are expected to play an important role in virtual vehicle safety testing. With …

OpenSim musculoskeletal models of the head and neck can provide information about
muscle activity and the response of the head and neck to a variety of situations. Previous …

Computational models of the human neck have been developed to assess human response
in impact scenarios; however, the assessment and validation of such models is often limited …

The functional biomechanics of the lumbar spine have been better understood by finite
element method (FEM) simulations. However, there are still areas where the behavior of soft …

Recently, significant progress has been made in the development of Finite Element Human
Body Models, and they have been introduced in the development of automotive safety …

Significant trends in the vehicle industry are autonomous driving, micromobility,
electrification and the increased use of shared mobility solutions. These new vehicle …

Advanced neck finite element modeling and development of neck injury criteria are
important for the design of optimal neck protection systems in automotive and other …

Background and objective Neural reflex is hypothesized as a regulating step in spine
stabilizing system. However, neural reflex control is still in its infancy to consider in the …