Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic pulmonary vascular disease
characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) leading to right ventricular …

Rationale: An activated vasoconstrictive, proliferative, and fibrotic axis of the renin
angiotensin system (angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE]/angiotensin [Ang] II/AngII type 1 …

302 KUBA K et al. dues for catalysis. 17 Despite their similarities, ACE and ACE2 function
differently; ACE releases a C-terminal dipeptide from its substrate (dipeptidylpeptidase) …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disorder that develops as a result of remodeling of the
pulmonary vasculature and is characterized by narrowing/obliteration of small pulmonary …

ACE2 is confined to the endothelium, 10 but further studies showed ACE2 expression in
cardiomyocytes, 17 in the kidney on the luminal surface of tubular epithelial cells, 10, 18 and …

Discovery of ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) revealed that the renin-angiotensin
system has 2 counterbalancing arms. ACE2 is a major player in the protective arm, highly …

Pulmonary vascular disease can be defined as either a disease affecting the pulmonary
capillaries and pulmonary arterioles, termed pulmonary arterial hypertension, or a disease …

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that up-regulation of the angiotensin (Ang)-
converting enzyme (ACE)/AngII/AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R) axis aggravates pulmonary …

Emerging evidences indicate that diminished activity of the vasoprotective axis of the renin–
angiotensin system, constituting angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and its enzymatic …

The discovery of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and a (pro) renin receptor has
renewed interest in the physiology of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Through the …