Neurotrophins (NTs) belong to a family of trophic factors that regulate the survival, growth
and programmed cell death of neurons. In mammals, there are four structurally and …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) describes the presence of physical damage to the brain as a
consequence of an insult and frequently possesses psychological and neurological …

Background Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) is a persistent and debilitating disorder
estimated to impair the quality of life of 2–4% of the population, with 9: 1 female-to-male …

Curcumin is a major component of turmeric and reportedly has anti-inflammatory and anti-
oxidant effects. Neuroinflammation has been recognized to play an important role in the …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-inflammatory neurodegenerative disease that is
often accompanied by a debilitating neuropathic pain. Disease-modifying agents slow down …

Ligustilide is the main component of Danggui essential oil, and recently reported to have
anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect. Increasing evidence suggests that glia …

Proinflammatory cytokines are crucial contributors to neuroinflammation in the development
of chronic pain. Here, we identified il16, which encodes interleukin-16 (IL-16), as a …

C-low-threshold mechanoreceptors (C-LTMRs) are sensory neurons that, beyond conveying
pleasant touch, modulate nociceptive transmission within the spinal cord. However, pain …

Abstract Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an acute phase protein induced in response to injury,
infection or other inflammatory stimuli. Based on the previously reported involvement of …

Chronic, inflammatory pain is an international health concern that severely diminishes
individuals' quality of life. Catalpol is an iridoid glycoside derived from the roots of …