Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is typically presented with acute symptoms affecting upper and …

The first description of a new form of neutrophil cell death distinct from that of apoptosis or
necrosis was discovered in 2004 and coined neutrophil extracellular traps “(NETs)” or …

Biglycan, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, acts as a danger signal and is classically
thought to promote macrophage recruitment via Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4. We have …

Gut microbiome research has increased dramatically in the last decade, including in renal
health and disease. The field is moving from experiments showing mere association to …

Gut dysbiosis is defined as disorders of gut microbiota and loss of barrier integrity, which are
ubiquitous on pathological conditions and associated with the development of various …

Inflammasomes are multiprotein platforms responsible for the release of pro-inflammatory
cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Mouse studies have identified inflammasome …

Anatomically, the kidneys are paired, bean-shaped (in most mammals), excretory organs
that lie in the retroperitoneum. High blood flow to the kidneys, together with high oxygen …

The gut microbiota (GM) plays a vital role in human health, with increasing evidence linking
its imbalance to chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. Although the exact …

ABSTRACT CORRÊA, HL, RVP NEVES, LA DEUS, MK SOUZA, AS HARO, F. COSTA, VL
SILVA, CAR SANTOS, MR MORAES, HG SIMÕES, JW NAVALTA, J. PRESTES, and TS …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical complication characterized by a sudden
deterioration of the kidney's excretory function, which normally occurs secondary to another …