Over the last decades, our understanding of adaptive immune responses to solid organ
transplantation increased considerably and allowed development of immunosuppressive …

Objectives Mounting evidence suggests that bacterial dysbiosis and immunity disorder are
associated with patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the mycobiome is beginning …

Occurrence of urosepsis is not uncommon following urinary tract infections (UTI). However,
there is a lack of evidence explaining the risk factors predisposing to urosepsis in patients …

Renal fibrosis is a common fate of chronic kidney diseases. Emerging studies suggest that
unsolved inflammation will progressively transit into tissue fibrosis that finally results in an …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,
imposing a great burden on the healthcare system. Regrettably, effective CKD therapeutic …

Adverse innate immune responses have been implicated in several disease processes,
including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The monocyte …

Background Comorbidities are risk factors for development of severe coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19). However, the extent to which an underlying comorbidity influences the …

Background Severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have increased risk for
acute kidney injury (AKI). The exacerbation of the immune response seems to contribute to …

Pathophysiologically, the classification of acute kidney injury (AKI) can be divided into three
categories:(1) prerenal,(2) intrinsic, and (3) postrenal. Emerging evidence supports the …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Besides the higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and aging worldwide, immune …