Studies show that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has an important impact on health in
general. In response to environmental demands, homeostatic processes are often …

The inflammatory process in the human body is a physiological response involving many
cellular types and mediators. It results in scar formation to separate the damaged area from …

Abstract Purpose of the Review Low-grade systemic inflammation increases residual
cardiovascular risk. The pathogenesis of low-grade systemic inflammation is not well …

Appetite is the basis for obtaining food and maintaining normal metabolism. Toll-like
receptor 4 (TLR4) is an important receptor expressed in the brain that induces inflammatory …

Growing scientific evidence has unveiled increased incidences of obesity in domestic
animals and its influence on a plethora of associated disorders. Leptin, an adipokine …

In mammals, myeloid cells help maintain the homeostasis of peripheral metabolic tissues,
and their immunologic dysregulation contributes to the progression of obesity and …

Obesity or maternal overnutrition during pregnancy and lactation might have long‐term
consequences in offspring health. Fetal programming is characterized by adaptive …

Anxiety-like symptoms are common symptoms of methamphetamine (METH) users,
especially in the acute withdrawal period, which is an important factor for the high relapse …

Microglia are key players in brain function by maintaining brain homeostasis across lifetime.
They participate to brain development and maturation through their ability to release …

Obesity results from an energy imbalance and has been considered an epidemic due to its
increasing rates worldwide. It is classified as a low-grade chronic inflammatory disease and …