Background The dietary consumption of cuprizone–a copper chelator–has long been known
to induce demyelination of specific brain structures and is widely used as model of multiple …

Calcium (Ca2+) is an essential signaling molecule that controls a wide range of biological
functions. In the immune system, calcium signals play a central role in a variety of cellular …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy frequently induces immune-related adverse
events. To elucidate the underlying immunobiology, we performed a deep immune analysis …

In a state of oxidative stress, there is an increase of reactive species, which induce an
altered intracellular signaling, leading to dysregulation of the inflammatory response. The …

To maintain the homeostatic environment required for proper function of central nervous
system (CNS) neurons the endothelial cells of CNS microvessels tightly regulate the …

Abstract The Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT)
signaling pathway is utilized by numerous cytokines and interferons, and is essential for the …

The human body is colonized by millions of microorganisms named microbiota that interact
with our tissues in a cooperative and non-pathogenic manner. These microorganisms are …

The dynamic and multicellular processes of neuroinflammation are mediated by the
nonneuronal cells of the central nervous system, which include astrocytes and the brain's …

Objective To evaluate the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Curcumin and Curcuma
longa Extract in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Methods Databases such as …

Fecal transfer from healthy donors is being explored as a microbiome modality. MicroRNAs
(miRNAs) have been found to affect the microbiome. Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have …