In recent years, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led
to unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer treatment. However, the fact that many tumors …

Autophagy, a multistep lysosomal degradation pathway that supports nutrient recycling and
metabolic adaptation, has been implicated as a process that regulates cancer. Although …

Autophagy allows for cellular material to be delivered to lysosomes for degradation resulting
in basal or stress-induced turnover of cell components that provide energy and …

PI3Ks are a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate intracellular inositol lipids to regulate
signalling and intracellular vesicular traffic. Mammals have eight isoforms of PI3K, divided …

Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway responsible for clearing
cytosolic aggregated proteins, damaged organelles or invading microorganisms …

Lipid phosphoinositides are master regulators of almost all aspects of a cell's life and death
and are generated by the tightly regulated activity of phosphoinositide kinases. Although …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

One of the major challenges limiting the efficacy of anti–PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in
nonresponding patients is the failure of T cells to penetrate the tumor microenvironment. We …

Autophagy is a delicate intracellular degradation process that occurs due to diverse stressful
conditions, including the accumulation of damaged proteins and organelles as well as …

Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process and a major cellular pathway for the
degradation of long-lived proteins and cytoplasmic organelles. An increasing body of …