Background Three-dimensional (3D) photography plays an important role in surgical
planning and postoperative evaluation. Commercial 3D facial scanners are expensive, and …

Statement of problem The development of facial scanners has improved capabilities to
create three-dimensional (3D) virtual patients for accurate facial and smile analysis …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging devices designed to capture and quantify
craniofacial surface morphology are becoming more common in clinical environments. Such …

Statement of problem The accuracy of virtual dentofacial patients has been explored, but the
accuracy of virtual patients established by using a straightforward and reliable method and …

Most 3D scanners use optical technology that is impacted by lighting conditions, especially
in triangulation with structured‐light or laser techniques. However, the effect of ambient …

The collection and analysis of 3D digital data is a rapidly growing field in archaeology,
anthropology, and forensics. Even though the 3D scanning of human remains in …

This work aims to test accuracy and comparability of 3D models of human skeletal fibulae
generated by clinical CT and laser scanner virtual acquisitions. Mesh topology …

Imagery-based 3D scanning can be performed by scanners with multiple form factors,
ranging from small and inexpensive scanners requiring manual movement around a …

As forensic science technologies progress, digital photography has become outdated for
certain documentations that require exact measurements. Recording three-dimensional …

Objective Smoothing and decimation filters are commonly used to restore the realistic
appearance of virtual biological specimens, but they can cause a loss of topological …