Sex differences between males and females can be detected early in life. They are present
also later even to a much greater extent affecting our life in adulthood and a wide spectrum …

The links between early life stress (ELS) and the emergence of psychopathology such as
increased anxiety and depression are now well established, although the specific …

Variation in the mental health of people who have experienced childhood maltreatment is
substantial. One hypothesis is that this variation is attributable, in part, to the timing of …

Two-thirds of individuals experience adversity during childhood such as neglect, abuse or
highly-stressful events. Early-life adversity (ELA) increases the life-long risk of developing …

As the opioid crisis has continued to grow, so has the number of infants exposed to opioids
during the prenatal period. A growing concern is that prenatal exposure to opioids may …

Background Cancer survivors frequently experience cognitive impairments. This systematic
review assessed animal literature to identify artificial (pharmaceutical) or natural …

Human and animal studies have elucidated the apparent neurodevelopmental effects
resulting from neonatal anesthesia. Observations of learning and behavioral deficits in …

Our current understanding of litter variability in neurodevelopmental studies using mice may
limit translation of neuroscientific findings. Higher variance of measures across litters than …

Essentially all neuropsychiatric diagnoses show some degree of sex and/or gender
differences in their etiology, diagnosis, or prognosis. As a result, the roles of sex-related …

Despite exposure-based treatments being recommended for anxiety disorders, these
treatments are ineffective for over half of all adolescents who receive them. The limited …