Beyond structural and chemical barriers to pathogens, the immune system has two
fundamental lines of defense: innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is the …

The immune system has evolved to protect the host from a universe of pathogenic microbes
that are themselves constantly evolving. The immune system also helps the host eliminate …

An international panel of experts prepared an evidenced-based guideline for vaccination of
immunocompromised adults and children. These guidelines are intended for use by primary …

Abstract The magnesium ion, Mg2+, is essential for all life as a cofactor for ATP,
polyphosphates such as DNA and RNA, and metabolic enzymes, but whether it plays a part …

Abstract Purpose Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) comprise at least 176
hereditary disorders that are thought to be individually and collectively rare. The actual …

The first gene therapy clinical trials were initiated more than two decades ago. In the early
days, gene therapy shared the fate of many experimental medicine approaches and was …

The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) and the American
College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) have jointly accepted responsibility for …

In basic terms, the immune system has two lines of defense: innate immunity and adaptive
immunity. Innate immunity is the first immunological, non-specific (antigen-independent) …

The X chromosome is known to contain the largest number of immune-related genes of the
whole human genome. For this reason, X chromosome has recently become subject of great …

Cell-based therapies are fast-growing forms of personalized medicine that make use of the
steady advances in stem cell manipulation and gene transfer technologies. In this Review, I …